Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus
in zoos using an adjuvanted inactivated H5N2 vaccine
Joost Philippa a,b,∗, Chantal Baas a, Walter Beyer a, Theo Bestebroer a, Ron Fouchier a,
Derek Smith a,c, Willem Schaftenaar b, Ab Osterhaus a
a Institute of Virology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
b Rotterdam Zoo, P.O. Box 532, 3000 AM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
c Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
Received 28 November 2006; received in revised form 23 January 2007; accepted 30 January 2007
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have recently caused unprecedented morbidity and mortality in a wide range of avian species. European Commission directive 2005/744/EC allowed vaccination in zoos under strict conditions, while reducing confinement measures. Vaccination with a commercial H5N2 vaccine with vaccine doses adapted to mean body weight per species was safe, and proved immunogenic throughout the range of species tested, with some variations between and within taxonomic orders. After booster vaccination the overall homologous geometric mean titre (GMT) to the vaccine strain, measured in 334 birds, was 190 (95% CI: 152–236), and 80.5% of vaccinated birds developed a titre of ≥40. Titres to the HPAI H5N1 virus followed a similar trend, but were lower (GMT: 61 (95% CI: 49–76); 61%≥40). The breadth of the immune response was further demonstrated by measuring antibody titres against prototype strains of four antigenic clades of currently circulating H5N1 viruses. These data indicate that vaccination should be regarded as a beneficial component of the preventive measures (including increased bio-security and monitoring) that can be undertaken in zoos to prevent an outbreak of and decrease environmental contamination by HPAI H5N1 virus, while alleviating confinement measures.
© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Avian influenza; H5N1; Vaccination; Zoo; Clade
1 1. Introduction
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an Orthomyxovirus, which can be classified according to its pathogenicity and the antigenicity of its surface ...
Corresponding author at: Institute of Virology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box
2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 104088069.
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