Sarcelle
14.09.2007, 22:52
SURVEILLANCE, PREVENTION, AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF
AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION1
Maria Pittman,2,4 Alberto Laddomada,2 Ramunas Freigofas,2 Valentina Piazza,2 Aart Brouw,2
and Ian H. Brown3
1 Presentation at the FAO and OIE International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza and Wild Birds, FAO, Rome,
30 and 31 May 2006
2 European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Rue Froissart 101, B-1049 Brussels,
Belgium
3 Community Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Woodham Lane,
New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
4 Corresponding author (email: maria.pittman@ec.europa.eu)
ABSTRACT: European Union Member States, cofinanced by the European Commission, began
implementing avian influenza (AI) surveys in domestic poultry and wild birds in 2002. Surveys aim
at detecting low pathogenic avian influenzas (LPAI) of H5 and H7 subtypes in the wild bird
reservoir and their circulation in poultry. These subtypes potentially mutate into highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI). Different poultry production systems, particularly those at increased risk
for AI virus introduction (e.g., free range), are tested serologically. Positive findings are followed by
clinical, epidemiological, and virological investigations. Wild bird surveys focus on virological
testing of migratory waterfowl targeted toward H5 and H7 subtypes. Following the westward
spread of Asian HPAI H5N1 to Europe, wild bird surveillance was intensified by increased active
surveillance of living and hunted bird species migrating from HPAI H5N1 affected areas, and
passive surveillance of birds found dead. To date, more than 700 findings of HPAI H5N1 in wild
birds (mainly Anatidae [swans, ducks, and geese] and birds of prey) were identified in 13 Member
States. Four single outbreaks in poultry in four Member States also occurred. During early 2006,
dead wild birds provided an early warning system for HPAI H5N1 introduction. Once the disease
was identified in wild birds, disease prevention measures were strengthened. Surveillance in
poultry and wild birds allows veterinary authorities to modulate prevention and control measures,
and identify the most risky areas. Measures to prevent, detect, and contain HPAI H5N1 in the
European Union have successfully kept the disease impact on animal and human health to
a minimum. It remains difficult to foresee further disease evolution, so the European Commission
and Member States maintain surveillance and control measures under continuous review.
Key words: European Union, H5N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza, legislation,
surveillance, wild birds.
AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION1
Maria Pittman,2,4 Alberto Laddomada,2 Ramunas Freigofas,2 Valentina Piazza,2 Aart Brouw,2
and Ian H. Brown3
1 Presentation at the FAO and OIE International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza and Wild Birds, FAO, Rome,
30 and 31 May 2006
2 European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Rue Froissart 101, B-1049 Brussels,
Belgium
3 Community Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Weybridge, Woodham Lane,
New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
4 Corresponding author (email: maria.pittman@ec.europa.eu)
ABSTRACT: European Union Member States, cofinanced by the European Commission, began
implementing avian influenza (AI) surveys in domestic poultry and wild birds in 2002. Surveys aim
at detecting low pathogenic avian influenzas (LPAI) of H5 and H7 subtypes in the wild bird
reservoir and their circulation in poultry. These subtypes potentially mutate into highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI). Different poultry production systems, particularly those at increased risk
for AI virus introduction (e.g., free range), are tested serologically. Positive findings are followed by
clinical, epidemiological, and virological investigations. Wild bird surveys focus on virological
testing of migratory waterfowl targeted toward H5 and H7 subtypes. Following the westward
spread of Asian HPAI H5N1 to Europe, wild bird surveillance was intensified by increased active
surveillance of living and hunted bird species migrating from HPAI H5N1 affected areas, and
passive surveillance of birds found dead. To date, more than 700 findings of HPAI H5N1 in wild
birds (mainly Anatidae [swans, ducks, and geese] and birds of prey) were identified in 13 Member
States. Four single outbreaks in poultry in four Member States also occurred. During early 2006,
dead wild birds provided an early warning system for HPAI H5N1 introduction. Once the disease
was identified in wild birds, disease prevention measures were strengthened. Surveillance in
poultry and wild birds allows veterinary authorities to modulate prevention and control measures,
and identify the most risky areas. Measures to prevent, detect, and contain HPAI H5N1 in the
European Union have successfully kept the disease impact on animal and human health to
a minimum. It remains difficult to foresee further disease evolution, so the European Commission
and Member States maintain surveillance and control measures under continuous review.
Key words: European Union, H5N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza, legislation,
surveillance, wild birds.